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Русско-Папьяменто онлайн-переводчик и словарь
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На этом креольском языке говорят жители Арубы , Кюрасао и Бонэйр . Всего папьяменто владеют примерно 330 тысяч человек. Статус официального этот язык получил в 2007 году на Арубе вместе с нидерландским, а на Антильских островах — вместе с английским и нидерландским языками.
На Арубе, Кюрасао и Бонэйре используются два основных диалекта папьяменто. Формы языка отличаются произношением и орфографией. Арубский диалект этимологический, на Кюрасао и Бонэйре используется фонетическое письмо. Арубские окончания «о» заменены на Кюрасао и Бонэйре на «u». Например, дерево — palo/palu. Есть различия также в лексике и интонации. На Кюрасао и Бонэйре язык носит название papiamentu, а на Арубе — papiamento.
История языка папьяменто
60% слов в папьяменто романского происхождения. Лексика папьяменто постепенно приобретала испанские черты под влиянием сефардского языка. Четверть словаря папьяменто заимствована из нидерландского языка, есть также лексемы английского, аравакского и африканских языков. Язык обогатился при колонизация Африки португальцами. Сегодня на язык сильное влияние оказывают венесуэльский испанский, английский и нидерландский языки, на которых говорит большая часть населения.
Единой версии происхождения папьяменто не существует. Согласно основной теории, язык был образован из креольского языка африканских племен, которые жили в португальских колониях. В XVIII веке из Гвинеи и Анголы на Кюрасао привозили рабов. Большую часть населения острова тогда составляли сефарды — голландские евреи, говорящие на ладино и еврейско-португальском языке. Папьяменто был образован из смеси португальского пиджина и языка работорговцев. Позже на этот язык повлиял испанский. Главным образом, на папьяменто говорило черное население Арубы, Кюрасао и Боннэра, но языком пользовались также голландцы и сефарды.
Первое письменное свидетельство папьяменто — романтическое послание сефардского юноши из Кюрасао, написанное в 1776 году. Первый словарь с переводом на голландский появился через 100 лет. Сегодня на папьяменто печатаются газеты, поэты пишут стихи на этом языке, хотя в школах этот язык пока не преподается.
